Active recall is the process of actively stimulating memory during the learning process. Instead of simply rereading notes, you force yourself to retrieve the information from memory. This could be through flashcards, practice tests, or teaching the material to someone else.

Passive review, on the other hand, involves consuming the material without actively retrieving it—things like rereading textbooks, highlighting, or watching lecture recordings.

Research consistently shows that active recall leads to stronger, longer‑lasting memory traces compared to passive review. One classic study found that students who tested themselves on material after each study session retained up to 50% more information than those who just reread the same material.

That said, passive review still has a place. It can be useful for initial exposure, building context, or when the material is complex and requires multiple passes before you can create effective recall prompts.

What strategies have you found most effective? Do you blend both methods, or rely heavily on one?