Ubuntu Installation Guide

This guide provides step-by-step instructions for installing Ubuntu, a popular and user-friendly Linux distribution. We'll cover the essential steps from preparing your system to the final configuration.

Prerequisites

  • A computer that meets Ubuntu's system requirements.
  • A USB drive (at least 8GB) or DVD for the installation media.
  • Internet connection (recommended for downloading updates and software during installation).
  • Backup of your important data.

Step 1: Download Ubuntu

Visit the official Ubuntu website to download the latest LTS (Long Term Support) version of Ubuntu Desktop. Choose the appropriate image for your architecture (usually 64-bit).

Download Ubuntu Desktop

Step 2: Create Bootable USB Drive

You'll need a tool to write the downloaded Ubuntu ISO image to your USB drive, making it bootable. Popular tools include:

  • Rufus (Windows)
  • balenaEtcher (Windows, macOS, Linux)
  • Startup Disk Creator (Ubuntu)

Follow the instructions provided by your chosen tool to create the bootable USB. Ensure you select the correct USB drive to avoid data loss.

Step 3: Boot from USB Drive

Restart your computer and enter your BIOS/UEFI settings. The key to access these settings varies by manufacturer (commonly F2, F10, F12, or Del). Once in the BIOS/UEFI, change the boot order to prioritize the USB drive.

Tip: Look for options like "Boot Menu" or "Boot Priority" in your BIOS/UEFI settings.

Save the changes and exit the BIOS/UEFI. Your computer should now boot from the USB drive.

Step 4: Start the Ubuntu Installer

Once Ubuntu boots from the USB, you'll be presented with a welcome screen. You can either:

  • Try Ubuntu: This runs Ubuntu directly from the USB without making any changes to your hard drive, allowing you to test it out.
  • Install Ubuntu: This starts the installation process.

Choose "Install Ubuntu" to proceed.

Step 5: Select Keyboard Layout and Network

Choose your preferred keyboard layout. Then, connect to a Wi-Fi network if available. This will allow the installer to download updates and install third-party software (like graphics drivers and media codecs).

Step 6: Installation Type

This is a crucial step. You have several options:

  • Install Ubuntu alongside [Your Existing OS]: If you want to dual-boot Ubuntu with another operating system (like Windows), select this. The installer will resize your existing partitions.
  • Erase disk and install Ubuntu: This will wipe your entire hard drive and install Ubuntu only. Use with caution!
  • Something else: This allows for manual partitioning of your hard drive, giving you full control over where Ubuntu is installed.

For most users, "Install Ubuntu alongside" or "Erase disk and install Ubuntu" are the simplest choices. If you're unsure, it's recommended to use the alongside option if you have another OS, or a virtual machine for testing.

Important Note on Partitioning:

If you choose "Something else," you'll need to create at least two partitions:

  1. A root partition (/) formatted as ext4, with a size of at least 25GB.
  2. A swap area (swap), typically 1-2 times your RAM size.
  3. (Optional) A separate home partition (/home) for user data.

Step 7: Choose Location and Create User

Select your time zone. You will then be prompted to create your user account by providing your name, computer's name, username, and password.

Remember your password! You'll need it to log in and perform administrative tasks.

Step 8: Installation Progress

The installer will now begin copying files and configuring your system. This process can take some time, depending on your computer's speed and internet connection.

Step 9: Restart and Remove Installation Media

Once the installation is complete, you will be prompted to restart your computer. Before restarting, remember to remove the USB drive or DVD. Your computer should now boot into Ubuntu.

Post-Installation Steps

  • Update your system: Open the terminal and run sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade.
  • Install additional drivers: Check the "Software & Updates" application for proprietary drivers.
  • Explore Ubuntu Software Center: Discover and install your favorite applications.

Congratulations! You have successfully installed Ubuntu. Enjoy exploring the world of Linux!