CPU Optimization

Maximize CPU utilization by reducing unnecessary work, leveraging concurrency, and minimizing blocking operations.

• Prefer native algorithms over interpreted loops.
• Utilize worker threads or async processing where appropriate.
• Avoid busy‑waiting and heavy polling.
• Profile hotspots with tools like perf, VTune, or built‑in profilers.

Memory Management

Efficient memory usage reduces GC pauses and improves cache locality.

• Reuse objects instead of allocating frequently.
• Prefer immutable data structures for read‑only paths.
• Monitor heap size and fragmentation with tools like Valgrind, Heaptrack, or language‑specific profilers.
• Align data structures to cache lines to minimize false sharing.

Network Efficiency

Reduce latency and bandwidth consumption through protocol optimization and smart data handling.

• Enable HTTP/2 or HTTP/3 for multiplexed streams.
• Compress payloads with Brotli or gzip.
• Cache static assets at CDN edges.
• Implement exponential backoff and retry strategies.

Front‑end Performance

Deliver fast, responsive UI by minimizing render‑blocking resources and optimizing asset delivery.

• Inline critical CSS; defer non‑critical styles.
• Lazy‑load images and heavy components.
• Use Web Workers for heavy calculations.
• Measure with Lighthouse, WebPageTest, or Chrome DevTools.

Back‑end Scaling

Design services to handle increased load without degradation.

• Employ connection pooling and rate limiting.
• Use stateless services for easier horizontal scaling.
• Implement caching layers (Redis, Memcached).
• Adopt circuit breaker patterns.

Profiling & Monitoring

Continuous insight into system performance helps detect regressions early.

• Instrument code with OpenTelemetry or Prometheus.
• Set alerts on latency, error rates, and resource usage.
• Use flame graphs for visualizing CPU usage.
• Rotate logs and archive metrics for long‑term analysis.