Network Requests Documentation
Introduction to Network Requests
This document provides a comprehensive guide to understanding and implementing network requests within the MS platform. Network requests are fundamental to how our applications communicate with servers, retrieve data, and perform actions remotely. We will cover the core concepts, essential HTTP methods, and best practices for building robust and efficient network interactions.
Basics of Network Communication
At its heart, a network request involves a client (e.g., a web browser or a mobile application) sending a message to a server. The server then processes this message and sends back a response. This client-server model is the backbone of most modern web applications.
Key components of a network request include:
- URL (Uniform Resource Locator): The address of the resource the client wants to interact with.
- HTTP Method: The action the client wants to perform (e.g., GET, POST).
- Headers: Additional information sent with the request, such as content type and authentication tokens.
- Body: The data being sent to the server, typically used with POST, PUT, and PATCH requests.
Understanding Network Requests
A network request is a message sent from a client to a server. It typically follows the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Understanding the structure and components of these requests is crucial for developing networked applications.
A typical HTTP request consists of:
- Request Line: Specifies the HTTP method, the path of the resource, and the HTTP protocol version. E.g.,
GET /users/123 HTTP/1.1
. - Request Headers: Key-value pairs providing metadata about the request and the client. Common headers include
Content-Type
,Authorization
, andUser-Agent
. - Request Body: Contains the data payload for requests that modify resources, such as
POST
orPUT
.
Example HTTP Request Snippet
POST /api/users HTTP/1.1
Host: api.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer your_auth_token
{
"name": "Jane Doe",
"email": "jane.doe@example.com"
}
Understanding Network Responses
A network response is the message sent back from the server to the client after processing a request. It contains information about the outcome of the request and any requested data.
A typical HTTP response consists of:
- Status Line: Includes the HTTP protocol version, a status code, and a status message. E.g.,
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
. - Response Headers: Key-value pairs providing metadata about the response and the server. Common headers include
Content-Type
,Content-Length
, andDate
. - Response Body: Contains the data requested by the client (e.g., JSON, HTML) or information about an error.
Example HTTP Response Snippet
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Content-Type: application/json
Location: /api/users/456
Date: Mon, 23 May 2024 10:00:00 GMT
{
"id": "456",
"name": "Jane Doe",
"email": "jane.doe@example.com"
}
HTTP Headers
HTTP headers are crucial for conveying metadata between the client and the server. They provide context for requests and responses, enabling features like content negotiation, authentication, and caching.
Common Request Headers:
Content-Type
: Indicates the media type of the resource being sent in the request body.Accept
: Informs the server about the media types that the client can understand.Authorization
: Carries credentials for authenticating a user agent with a server.User-Agent
: Contains a unique string identifying the client software.
Common Response Headers:
Content-Type
: Indicates the media type of the resource in the response body.Content-Length
: The size of the response body in bytes.Server
: Information about the server software.Set-Cookie
: Sends a cookie from the server to the client.
HTTP Methods
HTTP methods (also known as verbs) define the action to be performed on a resource. The most common methods are:
- GET: Retrieves a representation of a resource. Should not have side effects.
- POST: Submits data to be processed by a specified resource, often causing a change in state or side effects on the server.
- PUT: Replaces all current representations of the target resource with the request payload.
- DELETE: Deletes the specified resource.
- PATCH: Applies partial modifications to a resource.
- OPTIONS: Describes the communication options for the target resource.
API Endpoints
Our platform exposes several RESTful API endpoints to facilitate programmatic access to data and functionality. Below is a detailed description of each endpoint.
GET /api/data
Retrieves a list of all available data entries.
Parameters:
This endpoint does not accept any query parameters.
Example Request:
GET /api/data HTTP/1.1
Host: api.example.com
Accept: application/json
Example Response (200 OK):
[
{
"id": "a1b2c3d4",
"name": "Sample Item 1",
"value": 100
},
{
"id": "e5f6g7h8",
"name": "Sample Item 2",
"value": 250
}
]
POST /api/items
Creates a new item.
Request Body:
The request body should be a JSON object representing the item to be created.
Field | Type | Description | Required |
---|---|---|---|
name | string | The name of the item. | Yes |
value | number | The numerical value associated with the item. | No |
Example Request:
POST /api/items HTTP/1.1
Host: api.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"name": "New Gadget",
"value": 99.99
}
Example Response (201 Created):
{
"id": "i9j0k1l2",
"name": "New Gadget",
"value": 99.99
}
GET /api/items/:id
Retrieves a specific item by its unique ID.
URL Parameters:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
:id | string | The unique identifier of the item. |
Example Request:
GET /api/items/i9j0k1l2 HTTP/1.1
Host: api.example.com
Example Response (200 OK):
{
"id": "i9j0k1l2",
"name": "New Gadget",
"value": 99.99
}
Example Response (404 Not Found):
{
"error": "Item not found"
}
PUT /api/items/:id
Updates an existing item by its unique ID. Replaces the entire resource.
URL Parameters:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
:id | string | The unique identifier of the item to update. |
Request Body:
The request body should be a JSON object representing the updated item. All fields are required for a complete replacement.
Field | Type | Description | Required |
---|---|---|---|
name | string | The updated name of the item. | Yes |
value | number | The updated numerical value. | Yes |
Example Request:
PUT /api/items/i9j0k1l2 HTTP/1.1
Host: api.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"name": "Updated Gadget",
"value": 109.99
}
Example Response (200 OK):
{
"id": "i9j0k1l2",
"name": "Updated Gadget",
"value": 109.99
}
DELETE /api/items/:id
Deletes a specific item by its unique ID.
URL Parameters:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
:id | string | The unique identifier of the item to delete. |
Example Request:
DELETE /api/items/i9j0k1l2 HTTP/1.1
Host: api.example.com
Example Response (204 No Content):
No response body is returned on successful deletion.
Example Response (404 Not Found):
{
"error": "Item not found"
}
Best Practices for Network Requests
To ensure your applications are performant, secure, and maintainable, follow these best practices when making network requests:
- Use appropriate HTTP methods: Leverage GET for retrieval, POST for creation, PUT for updates, and DELETE for removal.
- Handle errors gracefully: Implement robust error handling for network failures, server errors (5xx), and client errors (4xx).
- Validate data: Always validate data received from the server before using it.
- Secure your requests: Use HTTPS to encrypt data in transit. Implement proper authentication and authorization mechanisms.
- Optimize payloads: Send only necessary data and consider compression for large payloads.
- Manage state: Be mindful of caching mechanisms and implement strategies to refresh data when needed.
- Use asynchronous operations: Avoid blocking the main thread with network requests. Use Promises, async/await, or callbacks.
- Set timeouts: Configure reasonable timeouts for requests to prevent applications from hanging indefinitely.