What is Genetic Testing?
Genetic testing examines your DNA to identify variations that increase your risk of certain diseases, or to help diagnose a condition. There are different types of genetic tests, including:
- Diagnostic Testing: Identifies a genetic condition.
- Carrier Testing: Determines if you carry a gene for a recessive disorder.
- Predictive Testing: Estimates your risk of developing a disease.
- Pre-symptomatic Testing: Detects genetic changes before symptoms appear.
Types of Genetic Tests
Here’s a more detailed look at some of the common types of genetic tests:
- Chromosomal Microarray Analysis: Looks for deletions or duplications of DNA segments.
- Single Gene Testing: Examines a specific gene for mutations.
- Gene Panel Testing: Assesses a group of genes associated with a particular condition.
- Exome Sequencing: Sequences all the coding regions (exons) of your genes.
- Genome Sequencing: Sequences the entire genome, including non-coding regions.
Factors to Consider
Before undergoing genetic testing, it’s important to consider:
- Potential Risks: Including anxiety, psychological distress, and discrimination.
- Accuracy: Genetic tests are not always definitive, and results should be interpreted by a qualified healthcare professional.
- Cost: Genetic tests can be expensive.
- Family History: A detailed family history can aid in interpretation.