From Turbocharged Engines to Hybrid Power Units
In 2009, Formula 1 adopted the Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS), marking the sport's first step toward hybridisation. Over the next decade, power units evolved into sophisticated ERS (Energy Recovery Systems) that combine internal combustion with electrical energy.
Key Milestones
2009 – KERS Debut
Introduced 60 kW of electric boost for 6.5 seconds per lap.
2014 – Power Unit Revolution
V6 turbo‑hybrid engines with 120 kW MGU‑K and 120 kW MGU‑H.
2019 – Energy Storage Upgrade
Higher-capacity lithium‑ion batteries enable longer electric deployment.
2022 – Sustainable Fuels
Fuel mixtures contain up to 10% bio‑components, reducing carbon footprint.
2025 – Full‑Hybrid Integration (Projected)
Plans for 100 kW full‑electric capability alongside the V6 engine.
How the ERS Works
The modern power unit consists of four main components:
- MGU‑K (Kinetic) – harvests kinetic energy during braking.
- MGU‑H (Heat) – extracts thermal energy from exhaust gases.
- Energy Store (Battery) – stores harvested energy for later use.
- Control Electronics – manages power delivery to maximize efficiency.
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