Web Technologies
This section delves into the core technologies that power the World Wide Web. Understanding these concepts is crucial for developing robust and efficient web applications and services.
HTTP & HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and its secure version, HTTPS, are the foundational protocols for data communication on the web. They define how clients (browsers) and servers exchange information.
- Methods: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.
- Status Codes: 200 OK, 404 Not Found, 500 Internal Server Error, etc.
- Headers: Provide metadata about the request or response.
- HTTPS: Uses TLS/SSL to encrypt communication, ensuring privacy and integrity.
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
HTML is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It structures web content by using elements, tags, and attributes.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Example Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, Web!</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>
</body>
</html>
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
CSS is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML. It controls layout, colors, fonts, and more.
body {
font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
margin: 20px;
background-color: #f4f4f4;
}
h1 {
color: #0078d4;
}
JavaScript
JavaScript is a programming language that enables you to create dynamically updating content, control multimedia, animate images, and pretty much everything else on the web.
function greet(name) {
alert('Hello, ' + name + '!');
}
greet('World');
Web APIs
Web APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) are interfaces that allow web browsers and web applications to interact with various functionalities and services, such as the DOM API, Fetch API, Geolocation API, and more.
Web Servers
Web servers are software and hardware that use HTTP and other protocols to serve web pages. Popular examples include IIS, Apache, and Nginx.
Client-Server Architecture
The web operates on a client-server model. The client (e.g., a web browser) requests resources from a server, which then processes the request and sends back the appropriate response.