Software Concepts for Windows IoT
Overview
Windows IoT provides a flexible, secure, and scalable software stack that runs on a wide range of devices—from tiny micro‑controllers to powerful edge gateways. Understanding the software layers helps you design, develop, and maintain robust IoT solutions.
Software Stack
- OS Kernel – A real‑time capable Windows kernel optimized for low‑power devices.
- Device Drivers – Unified driver model for GPIO, I2C, SPI, UART, and more.
- Runtime – Supports Win32, .NET, UWP, and native C/C++ APIs.
- Frameworks – Azure IoT SDK, Windows.Devices namespace, PowerShell.
- Applications – Foreground UI, background services, and headless daemons.
Application Model
Windows IoT allows two primary execution models:
- Universal Windows Platform (UWP) – Full sandbox, modern APIs, and Store deployment.
- Classic Win32/Desktop – Full system access for legacy and performance‑critical apps.
Both models can interoperate using COM, App Services, and PowerShell scripts.
Deployment Options
| Method | Typical Use‑Case |
|---|---|
| MSIX Package | Enterprise-managed devices, OTA updates |
| Device Imaging | Factory provisioning of OS and apps |
| PowerShell Remoting | Ad‑hoc script deployment and configuration |
| Azure IoT Edge | Containerized workloads at the edge |
Security Considerations
Security is built into every layer:
- Secure Boot and TPM attestation.
- Device Guard and Credential Guard for code integrity.
- Device Health Attestation for continuous compliance.
- Azure IoT Hub device provisioning service (DPS) for identity management.