Advanced C++ Topics

This section delves into more complex and powerful aspects of C++ programming. Mastering these topics will enable you to write highly efficient, robust, and scalable applications.

1. Metaprogramming with Templates

Explore the power of compile-time computation using C++ templates. This includes techniques like template metaprogramming (TMP), template specialization, and variadic templates to generate code and perform computations before runtime.

Template Metaprogramming Techniques
Compile-time Calculation
Type Traits and Static Assertions
Variadic Templates for Generic Functions and Classes

Example: Compile-time Factorial

#include <iostream>

template <int N>
struct Factorial {
    static const int value = N * Factorial<N - 1>::value;
};

template <>
struct Factorial<0> {
    static const int value = 1;
};

int main() {
    std::cout << "Factorial of 5: " << Factorial<5>::value << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

2. Concurrency and Multithreading

Learn how to leverage C++'s standard library features for concurrent programming. This covers threads, mutexes, condition variables, futures, and atomic operations to build applications that can perform multiple tasks simultaneously.

Creating and Managing Threads
Synchronization Primitives (Mutexes, Locks)
Asynchronous Operations with Futures and Promises
Atomic Operations for Thread-Safe Data Access
Deadlocks and Race Conditions: Prevention and Detection

Example: Basic Thread Creation

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

void task(int id) {
    std::cout << "Hello from thread " << id << std::endl;
}

int main() {
    std::thread t1(task, 1);
    std::thread t2(task, 2);

    t1.join();
    t2.join();

    std::cout << "All threads finished." << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

3. Memory Management and Optimization

Gain a deeper understanding of C++ memory models, smart pointers, memory allocation strategies, and techniques for profiling and optimizing memory usage to improve application performance and prevent leaks.

Smart Pointers (unique_ptr, shared_ptr, weak_ptr)
Custom Memory Allocators
Memory Leaks: Identification and Solutions
Performance Profiling Tools
Cache Locality and Data Structures

4. Design Patterns in C++

Explore fundamental and advanced design patterns and how they can be effectively implemented in C++. This section covers creational, structural, and behavioral patterns with practical C++ examples.

Singleton, Factory, Builder
Adapter, Decorator, Facade
Observer, Strategy, Command
Implementing Patterns with Modern C++ Features

5. Exception Safety

Understand the principles of exception safety and how to write code that behaves correctly even when exceptions are thrown. This includes guarantees like basic, strong, and no-throw guarantees.

Understanding Exception Guarantees
RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization)
Writing Exception-Safe Code