Active Template Library (ATL) and Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC)
This section provides comprehensive documentation for the Active Template Library (ATL) and the Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC). These powerful C++ frameworks enable the development of a wide range of Windows applications, from high-performance COM components to robust graphical user interfaces.
Introduction to ATL and MFC
ATL and MFC are C++ extension libraries that simplify Windows programming. While they serve different primary purposes, they can often be used together within a single project.
Active Template Library (ATL)
ATL is a collection of C++ templates that make it easier to create COM (Component Object Model) objects. It is designed to be lightweight and efficient, allowing developers to build COM objects with minimal overhead. ATL is ideal for creating:
- COM servers (in-process and out-of-process)
- ActiveX controls
- COM+ components
- Windowless controls
Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC)
MFC is a C++ class library that wraps the Windows API, providing an object-oriented abstraction. It simplifies the creation of Windows applications with graphical user interfaces (GUIs), offering classes for windows, menus, dialogs, controls, and more. MFC is well-suited for developing:
- Desktop applications with rich UIs
- Database applications
- MFC Extension DLLs
Key Features and Concepts
ATL Features
CComObjectandCComAggObjectfor COM object creationCComModulefor managing COM server state- Support for various COM interfaces and patterns
- Smart pointers (e.g.,
CComPtr) for automatic reference counting
MFC Features
- Document/View architecture for data management and UI
- Message map system for handling Windows messages
- Serialization for saving and loading application data
- A rich set of UI controls and dialogs
- Integration with database access technologies (ODBC, DAO)
Getting Started with ATL and MFC
Note: While ATL and MFC are mature technologies, they are still widely used in many existing Windows applications. For new development, consider modern alternatives like C++/WinRT or the Universal Windows Platform (UWP) where applicable.
Common Development Scenarios
Developers often use ATL and MFC for:
- Extending existing COM-based applications
- Creating high-performance native Windows applications
- Integrating with legacy Windows components
Further Resources
Explore the following links for in-depth information: