MSDN Language Reference

Language Reference

Explore the comprehensive language reference for various Microsoft development technologies. Find detailed information on syntax, semantics, and best practices.

C#

C# is a modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language developed by Microsoft. It is widely used for developing Windows applications, web services, and games.

Key Features:

• Strongly typed
• Object-oriented
• Component-oriented
• Type-safe
• Memory management through garbage collection

Common Topics:

• Data Types
• Control Flow
• Classes and Objects
• Generics
• LINQ
• Asynchronous Programming

Example:

public class HelloWorld
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        System.Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
    }
}
            

Visual Basic .NET

Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET) is an object-oriented programming language that is implemented on the .NET Framework. It is known for its readability and ease of use.

Key Features:

• Event-driven
• Object-oriented
• Easy to learn

Common Topics:

• Variables and Data Types
• Operators
• Loops
• Modules
• Exception Handling

Example:

Public Module HelloWorld
    Public Sub Main()
        Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!")
    End Sub
End Module
            

C++

C++ is a powerful, general-purpose programming language created as an extension of the C programming language. It offers high performance and low-level memory manipulation capabilities.

Key Features:

• High performance
• Low-level memory access
• Object-oriented features
• Large standard library

Common Topics:

• Pointers
• Classes and Inheritance
• Templates
• Standard Template Library (STL)

Example:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}
            

JavaScript

JavaScript is a versatile scripting language commonly used to create dynamic and interactive content on the web. It runs directly in the browser.

Key Features:

• Interpreted
• Dynamic typing
• Prototype-based inheritance
• Runs in most web browsers

Common Topics:

• Variables and Scope
• Functions
• DOM Manipulation
• Asynchronous JavaScript (Promises, async/await)
• ES6+ Features

Example:

function greet(name) {
    console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
}
greet("World");
            

TypeScript

TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that adds static typing. It compiles down to plain JavaScript and improves code quality and maintainability.

Key Features:

• Static typing
• Compile-time error checking
• Supports modern JavaScript features
• Enhanced IDE support

Common Topics:

• Interfaces
• Classes and Decorators
• Enums
• Generics

Example:

function greet(name: string): void {
    console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
}
greet("World");
            

F#

F# is a functional-first, general-purpose programming language that runs on the .NET platform. It emphasizes simplicity, robustness, and expressiveness.

Key Features:

• Functional-first
• Immutability by default
• Type inference
• Pattern matching

Common Topics:

• Functions
• Types and Records
• Asynchronous Workflows
• Computation Expressions

Example:

let greet name = printfn "Hello, %s!" name
greet "World"
            

SQL

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard language for managing and manipulating databases. It is used to query, insert, update, and delete data.

Key Concepts:

• Data Definition Language (DDL)
• Data Manipulation Language (DML)
• Data Control Language (DCL)
• Transactions

Common Commands:

• SELECT
• INSERT
• UPDATE
• DELETE
• CREATE TABLE
• ALTER TABLE
• DROP TABLE

Example:

SELECT CustomerName, City FROM Customers WHERE Country = 'Germany';