C# Programming Language

Welcome to the comprehensive C# documentation. C# is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft that runs on the .NET Framework. It is a type-safe, object-oriented language that enables developers to build a wide variety of applications for Windows, Linux, macOS, and mobile platforms.

Introduction to C#

C# is a versatile language used for building:

Web applications (ASP.NET Core)
Desktop applications (WPF, WinForms)
Mobile applications (Xamarin)
Games (Unity)
Cloud services
And much more...

Language Fundamentals

Explore the core concepts of C# programming:

Data Types: Value types (int, float, bool) and reference types (string, class, interface).
Variables and Constants: Declaring and initializing variables.
Operators: Arithmetic, comparison, logical, and assignment operators.
Control Flow: Conditional statements (if, switch), loops (for, while, foreach), and exception handling.

Classes and Objects

Understand the principles of object-oriented programming in C#:

Classes: Blueprints for creating objects.
Objects: Instances of classes.
Constructors: Special methods for object initialization.
Methods: Functions associated with objects.
Properties: Accessors for class members.

Interfaces and Inheritance

Learn how C# supports code reuse and polymorphism:

Inheritance: Deriving new classes from existing ones.
Interfaces: Contracts defining a set of members that a class must implement.
Abstract Classes: Classes that cannot be instantiated directly and may contain abstract methods.

Generics

Generics provide a way to define type-safe collections and methods that can operate on different data types without casting. This improves performance and code readability.

                    public class List<T>
                    {
                        // ... list implementation
                    }
                

Asynchronous Programming

C# makes asynchronous programming straightforward with the async and await keywords. This is crucial for building responsive applications, especially for I/O-bound operations.

                    public async Task<string> GetDataAsync()
                    {
                        using (var client = new HttpClient())
                        {
                            var response = await client.GetAsync("https://api.example.com/data");
                            response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
                            return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
                        }
                    }
                

Collections

The .NET Framework provides a rich set of collection types for managing groups of objects, such as List<T>, Dictionary<TKey, TValue>, and Array.

Language Integrated Query (LINQ)

LINQ allows you to write queries against data sources directly within C# code, providing a unified way to query collections, databases, XML, and more.

                    var numbers = new int[] { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 };
                    var lowNumbers = from num in numbers
                                       where num < 5
                                       orderby num
                                       select num;
                

Error Handling

Robust error handling is essential. C# uses the try-catch-finally block for exception handling.

                    try
                    {
                        // Code that might throw an exception
                    }
                    catch (FileNotFoundException ex)
                    {
                        // Handle file not found error
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        // Handle other general exceptions
                    }
                    finally
                    {
                        // Code that always executes
                    }
                

Advanced Topics

Dive deeper into C# with topics like:

Reflection
Delegates and Events
Extension Methods
Attributes
Interop with other languages

For a complete reference, visit the official Microsoft C# Documentation.