How to Optimize MySQL Queries

I’ve been working on a large dataset and my queries are getting really slow. Any tips on indexing or query structuring?

Start by running `EXPLAIN` on your queries to see what MySQL is doing. Often missing indexes are the culprit. Also, avoid SELECT *; only fetch the columns you need.

Consider using covering indexes when possible. They can satisfy the query without touching the table rows.

If your dataset is massive, look into partitioning tables or using a read replica for reporting queries.

Also, make sure your server’s buffer pool is sized appropriately for InnoDB. Too small and you’ll get a lot of page swaps.